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CATESOL testimony to State Board of Education on 227 implementation


The following is CATESOL's testimony regarding implementation of Proposition 227 that was submitted to the State Board during the summer of 1998.

July 1, 1998 | July 8, 1998

June 26, 1998

CATESOL believes that, should the courts allow implementation of Proposition 227, it is incumbent upon all of us to make its provisions as workable as possible for California’s 1.5 million English language learners and for all students. The proposition as written mandates sweeping educational change, and the methodology is untested on such a large scale. Reconfiguring classrooms and pedagogy on this scale will affect all students, and there is much at stake.

1. Timeline for Implementation

CATESOL believes that the provisions of this proposition are better implemented with adequate timelines rather than in a rushed fashion. Many schools districts and students have several different starting dates. Having different program requirements for students on different schedules would be chaotic.

2. Waivers

a. General waivers

Proposition 227 is based upon the authors’ belief that programs in California are failing to teach students English for school success. There is no reason to disrupt local programs which have demonstrated success, as measured by student achievement and community support. Therefore, CATESOL recommends that the Board consider granting district level waivers where the above-named conditions exist.

b. Individual waivers

Proposition 227 requires, and sound policy dictates, that parents be fully informed of all educational options available to their children. Towards this end we believe expanded duties have been placed on schools and teachers to make sure that information on programs is available to all parents. Such information should be presented in English and in the language understood by parents.

The proposition appears to require that students younger than 10 years of age be placed in an English immersion classroom for 30 days before they can be determined to have educational needs requiring an alternative program. The first month of school is critical for young children, and an inappropriate program can be traumatic. CATESOL believes the Board should clarify this provision so that parents of younger children have the right to place their children in an alternative program in a more timely fashion.

3. Student Entry Assessment and Exit Criteria

CATESOL supports keeping in place the current procedure requiring the Home Language Survey and the use of state approved assessments to determine English language proficiency, the current redesignation procedures, and the current language census.

The proposition mandates two forms of classes: "structured English immersion" and "mainstream English classrooms". Where there are no district waivers, and where parents wish to have their children in these classes, CATESOL suggests that students at beginning levels of English language proficiency be placed in the "structured English immersion" classrooms. On a five-point scale, children with proficiency levels up to 3 should be placed in courses consistent with sheltered English immersion. This would permit the application of the timeline defined in the initiative as "not normally to exceed one year". Programs for students at intermediate proficiency levels 4 and 5 should be placed in "mainstream English classrooms".

CATESOL believes that existing programs which may be called English Language Development (ELD) classrooms, sheltered classrooms, secondary ESL or ELD classes and secondary sheltered or Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English (SDAIE) classes, should all be permitted to continue in their present form since these classes are conducted overwhelmingly in English using English language instructional materials.

4. Credentialing

CATESOL supports the maintenance of current state credentialing requirements, for teachers of all program configurations.

5. Accountability for Program Results

CATESOL supports regulations mandating ongoing assessment of English language learners. Assessments should measure growing proficiency in oral English as well as reading and writing. Language assessment should be separate from measuring achievement in the core curriculum. If students are not progressing under programs mandated by this initiative, there should be options for alternative programs.

6. Criteria and Mechanisms for Funds for Adult English Instruction

CATESOL believes that funds to provide English language instruction to adults should be allocated only to schools, community colleges, and community-based organizations which have demonstrated effective programs in teaching adults English, and in which teachers are appropriately credentialed to provide such instruction. We recommend that priority be given to funding programs which provide linkages between the adult sites and local elementary and secondary schools.

CATESOL recognizes that the implementation of this proposition will require extraordinary effort by the State Board of Education, the Department of Education, teachers, administrators, teacher educators and professional organizations. We offer our skills and expertise, in the interest of the best possible educational environment for California’s students.


July 1, 1998 | Return to top

1. Definitions

(a)-(c) "Good working knowledge of English", "temporary transition period not normally to exceed on year" and "English language mainstream classes".

CATESOL believes that these three terms must be dealt with together.

CATESOL members have taught and evaluated English language learners in a variety of instructional settings, both bilingual and English only. Our experience tells us that the structure for the education of English language learners, as set forth in this article, will be difficult to implement in a way that is beneficial to students. Only a small handful of students are ready to progress from a "newcomer" class to a mainstream English class after only a year of instruction.

CATESOL believes that the key to implementation of this proposition will be the definition of a "good working knowledge of English". If this is defined as a minimal competency in speaking and listening, many students would indeed be able to move to a mainstream class after a year. However, we believe that most of these students would fail to achieve academic success in that mainstream class because they still have a limited level of understanding spoken English, as well as reading and writing. This would not permit them to achieve in the English curriculum at the same level as children from English- speaking homes.

In contrast, if "working knowledge" is defined as having close to grade level competencies in listening, speaking, reading and writing in English, most students will take far more than a year to achieve this.

There are many existing instructional settings designed for English learners, but taught overwhelmingly in English. These settings are sometimes defined as "CLAD" or "sheltered classrooms" at the elementary level. At the secondary level, these settings are called "English Language Development classes" and "Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English" (SDAIE) content classes. At a minimum, CATESOL would like to see such classes included within the definition of "mainstream English classes" and therefore permitted under the law.

In addition, we would like to see guidelines which address accountability and provide mechanisms to monitor student learning once they are placed in "mainstream" classes, however defined.

2. Transfer Criteria

a. Guidelines for parental waivers under section 311(c)

Proposition 227 requires, and sound policy dictates, that parents be fully informed of all educational options available to their children. Towards this end we believe expanded duties have been placed on schools and teachers to make sure that information on programs is available to all parents. Such information should be presented in English and in the language understood by the parents.

The proposition appears to require that students younger than 10 years of age be placed in an English immersion classroom for 30 days before they can be determined to have educational needs requiring an alternative program. The first month of school is critical for young children, and an inappropriate program can be traumatic. CATESOL believes the Board should clarify this provision so that parents of younger children have the right to place their children in an alternative program in a more timely fashion.

Proposition 227 also states that if 20 students or more of a given grade level in an individual school receive a waiver the school must offer such an alternative course of study or allow the students to transfer. Contrary to current law, CATESOL believes that the measure refers to 20 students of any language, not 20 students who have the same primary language.

b. Review of local board guidelines

The measure states that waivers are to be granted "under guidelines established by and subject to the review of the local Board of Education and ultimately the State Board of Education." CATESOL believes that the State Board of Education should review local Board guidelines only upon an appeal.


Components of the Core Language Program

July 8, 1998 | Return to top

CATESOL would like to clarify that:

  1. Existing models of intensive second language education (i.e. Monterey Institute of International Studies, Defense Languages, etc.) are inappropriate for use in K-12 education.

    Clients in the immersion model practiced at MIIS, for example, are highly motivated, well educated, literate adults, often with college educations, who have self-selected into the situation and the language of study. These students already have well developed proficiency and literacy in their first language. They also have completed their formal education and have both basic general content area knowledge, and specialized knowledge within their areas of specialization.

    In contrast, California students may be refugees or immigrants with limited schooling in their home country or they may be young children born in the U. S. to parents who are themselves immigrants or refugees. These students not only need to learn English, but they also need to master age appropriate academic content, including mathematics, science, history/social science, physical education and the fine arts.

  2. There are many existing successful models for second language acquisition, but none which demonstrate significant achievement after only a year of instruction.

    Students progress at various rates. There are several variables which affect progress, including age, degree of proficiency in the first language, family composition, personality and attitude. For example, upper elementary students [grades four, five and six] who are well educated in their home countries generally progress more quickly than younger students or teenagers. Students with limited schooling in the home country have more difficulty with English. Students whose parents are well educated in the home country, and whose parents are bilingual or studying English, do better than students whose parents have limited education and who have no opportunity to study English. These generalizations are supported by research.

    Two way immersion programs have the goal of bilingualism and biliteracy for their student population, which consists of English language learners and also English speakers. However, these programs measure success by looking at students at the end of a six or seven year elementary school program. Neither population has reached mastery of the second language after only one year.

    Transitional bilingual education programs frequently redesignate students as Fluent English Proficient but only after four or five years of instruction.

    In addition, programs without primary language components also redesignate students only after four or five years of instruction.

  3. Existing English as a Second Language programs are designed to be one component in the student’s day, which is otherwise spent with grade level peers in a grade level classroom addressing grade level content.

    In California classrooms, at least in recent years, we have emphasized giving all students, regardless of language proficiency, access to the core curriculum of the grade level. We have not isolated newcomer students in all day ESL classes. Even in large districts with newcomer programs, the students are grouped across a one or two grade span, and an attempt is made to teach as much grade level content as possible.

In response, CATESOL recommends that:


California Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages
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